Psychoanalytic theory explores the connection between events in early life (which may be unconscious) and current disturbance and distress. The therapy offers a reliable setting for free association to past and present fantasies, feelings, dreams and memories.

Particular attention is given to the developing relationship with the therapist as it is through this that the patient is able to re-experience relationships from his/her early life and explore new ways of relating, freer of the characteristics that previously caused distress. Through this transference relationship, the patient may achieve a new and better resolution of long-standing conflicts and overcome resistances to change and growth.